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The President of Nigeria Goodluck Jonathan declares a state of emergency in the states of Borno, Yobe, Niger and Plateau due to violence by the Islamist sect Boko Haram. [http:--www.abc.net.au-news-2012-01-01-nigeria-declares-state-of-emergency-3753958 (AFP via ABC News Australia)]Clashes in Ebonyi State in eastern Nigeria kill at least fifty people. [http:--old.news.yahoo.com-s-nm-20111231-wl_nm-us_nigeria_clashes (Reuters via Yahoo! News)]date=August 2019 Nigeria shuts borders with the countries Cameroon, Chad, and Niger. [http:--www.thenationonlineng.net-2011-index.php-news-update-31740-jonathan-declares-state-of-emergency-in-borno-yobe-plateau-and-niger-states.html (The Nation)][https:--web.archive.org-web-20120107132718-http:--www.sunnewsonline.com-webpages-news-national-2012-jan-01-national-01-01-2012-001.html (The Sun)]Clashes in Ebonyi State in eastern Nigeria kill at least fifty people. [http:--old.news.yahoo.com-s-nm-20111231-wl_nm-us_nigeria_clashes (Reuters via Yahoo! News)]date=August 2019